Motion picture camera

ABSTRACT

A motion picture camera having a diaphragm, a winding spool, a fade-over device for fading-over two film scenes including a device for measuring off the same length of film for fading-out a film section and for subsequently fading-over the same film section, and a reversible electric motor for driving the camera, comprising a a control device drivingly connected to the electric motor such that the control device rotates always in the same direction and that it carries out during one single complete revolution the following fade-over phases necessary for a complete fade-over of the film scene: a first phase coupling exposing first the film section with the diaphragm closing in a continuous manner, a second phase coupling rewinding the film section with the diaphragm closed, and stopping the electric motor, and a third phase coupling re-exposing the film section with the diaphragm opening in a continuous manner.

United States Patent 1191 1111 3,724,936 Leistner et al. 14 Apr. 3, 1973[s41 MOTION PICTURE CAMERA 3,549,249 12/1970 Katsuyama ..352/91 [75]Inventors: Rudolf Leistner, Munich; Johann nh, Schwabhausen; Renn.Primary Exammer-Samuel Matthews dorm. Munich an of Germany AssistantExaminer-Monroe 1-1. Hayes Attorney-Ernest F. Marmorek [7 3] Assignee:Niezoldi & Kramer GmbH,

Munchen-Allach, Germany 57 ABSTRACT Filed: 1970 A motion picture camerahaving a diaphragm, a wind- [21] AppL 88,631 ing spool, a fade-overdevice for fading-over two film 7 scenes including a device formeasuring off the same length of film for fading-out a film section andfor sub- [30] Foreign Application Priority Data sequently fading-overthe same film section, and a Nov. 22, 1969 Germany ..P 19 58 682.4reversible electric motor for driving the Camera, 1 v prising a acontrol device drivingly connected to the 521 US. 01. ..352/91 electricmotor such that the control device rotates 51 1.11. CI. ..G03b 21/36 yin the same direction and that it carries out [58] Field 61 Search..392/91, 217 s one single complete revolution the following fadeoverphases necessary for a complete fade-over of the [56] Refergnces Citedfilm scene: a first phase coupling exposing first the film section withthe diaphragm closing in a continu- [UNITED STATES PATENTS ous manner, asecond phase coupling rewinding the 1,597,229 8/1926 Ball ..352/91x filmswim with the diaphragm closed, and pp g 3,582,198 6/1971 Reinsch.....352/91 the electric motor, and a third Phase coupling 2,117,694 5/1938Becker.... ..3S2/2l7 posing the film section with the diaphragm openingin 3,246,944 4/1966 Winkler... ..352/91 a continuous manner. 3,545,85212/1970 'Winkler ..352/91 3,567,316 3/1971 Wilharm ..352/91 19 Claims, 2Drawing Figures PATENTED 9 3.724.936.

INVENTORS BY 72:44am: 8:22 In z/w &

1 MOTION PICTURE CAMERA BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The presentinvention relates to a motion picture camera with a device forautomatically fading-over two film scenes, which also measures-off thefilm section for the fading-out and the subsequent fading-over of a filmscene to the proper, same length, said camera also having anelectro-motor camera drive and preferably a winding spool locked againstreverse rotation.

A motion picture camera with a spring-operated mechanism as a drivemotor is already known, which camera is also equipped with a fading-overdevice driven by the spring mechanism. This fading-over device bringsabout the automatic sequence of all fading-over phases necessary for thecomplete fading-over of two film scenes, upon coupling of thefading-over device with the driving spring mechanism of the camera.These necessary fading-over phases comprise: the first forward transportor movement of the film section intended for the fading-over phase witha continuously closing diaphragm, the subsequent return transport ofthis same film section with the diaphragm closed, and the second forwardtransport of this film section with a continuously opening diaphragm.

One of the disadvantages of this prior art camera consists in thatduring the fading-over process the user of the camera is not beingnotified of the completion of the first of the two film scenes to befaded-over, so that he is not in a position to turn off the camera drivein a timely manner.

It is the purpose of fading over two film scenes to characterize thespacing of two subsequent film scenes as to space or time. The second ofthe two film scenes to be faded-over is, therefore, in general shot at aplace and a time which does not coincide with the time and place of thepreceding film scene. If the spacing as to time is great, the user ofthe camera may easily have forgotten that the preceding film scene wasfinished by a fade-out scene. Also of this fact the user of theheretofore known camera is not being notified so that during theshooting he is uncertain of whether this scene is being filmed with acontinuously opening diaphragm or with a diaphragm opening properlyadjusted as to the exposure value.

Furthermore, with this known motion picture camera it is neitherpossible to provide a smooth or flowing transition of a film scene ofrandom length which was exposed at the proper value into the fadingoutphase, nor the smooth or flowing transition of a film scene begun withthe fading-in phase into a properly exposed phase of random length.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a motionpicture camera of the general type referred to above, in which eachstarted film scene independently of its length can be completed byfadingout, and in which the following film scene is definitely beingbegun with a fading-in scene, and after this fading-in continued withoutinterruption with an exposure value which corresponds to the actuallighting conditions.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned problem has beensolved in accordance with the present invention by a motion picturecamera equipped with a control member which carries out one singlerevolution during the entire fading-over process. This control member isalways driven in the same direction by the electro-motor camera drivealthough the latter change from one direction of rotation to the other.Furthermore, the control member is operable to effect during its singlerevolution the functionally proper course of all fade-over phasesnecessary for a complete fading-over of a film scene, namely the firstexposure of the film section provided for the fading-over with acontinuously closing diaphragm, the subsequent return transport of thissame film section with closed diaphragm and the second exposure of thisfilm section with a continuously opening diaphragm. Finally, the controlmember stops the camera drive after the return transport of the filmsection first exposed.

With the control member carrying out during the entire fading-overprocess one single revolution, in combination with the electromotordrive of the camera, separate, non-repetitive control instructions canbe given which are optimally adapted to each fading-over phase, possiblyincluding: properly stopping of the camera drive after the returntransport of the film section exposed with the fading-out film scene.

The reversal of the direction of transportation of the film sectionprovided for the fading-over process, is effected in a very simplemanner by reversal of the direction of rotation of the electromotor ofthe camera which drives the film transporting means as well as thefading-over device. In order to guarantee that the direction of rotationof the control member of the fading-over device is always maintained, areversing gear is provided between the camera drive and the rotatingcontrol member, said reversing gear operating in a manner dependent onthe direction of rotation and reacting upon a change in the direction ofrotation of the drive motor of the camera in the sense of maintainingthe direction of rotation of the control member.

In order to assure a structure of the fading-over device which is assimple and clear as possible, the reversing gear simultaneously formsthe coupling between the camera drive and the control member. Saidcoupling being held in idling position by an arresting means that iseffective when the fading-over device is not being used.

BRIEF DESON OF DRAWING The invention is illustrated by attacheddrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the structure of the fade-overdevice of the motion picture camera according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows the circuit for properly opening and closing the switchesand the drive motor circuit of the camera.

DETAILED DESCRWTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawingin detail and FIG. 1 in particular, the arrangement shown thereincomprises a fade-over device with a control member 1 which carries outone complete revolution during the entire fadeover process, andcomprises a series of switching and control curves 1.1 to 1.6 by meansof which all necessary functions for a complete fade-over are in theproper sequence, carried out and completed.

way of example in the The drive for the fade-over device is effected by2.1, gear 2 being driven by a worm 3 and a reduction gear indicated withthe reference numeral 4, by an electric motor 5 which can be driven inboth directions. Gear 2 has fixedly connected thereto a gear 6 which islikewise journalled on shaft 2.1 and meshes with a gear 7 which isfixedly connected with a coaxial gear 8. The pair of gears 7,8 isjournalled on a fixed shaft 9. Shaft 9 has mounted thereon a plate 10which has connected thereto bearing shafts 11 and 12 for coupling gears13 and 14. Plate 10 with coupling gears 13 and 14 forms a reversing gearwhich is interposed between the reduction gear formed by the gear pairs2,6 and 7,8 and the control member 1 of the fade-over device, and whichserves for maintaining the direction of rotation of the controlmember 1. Gear 8 rotating about the shaft 9 of plate 10 continuouslymeshes with gears 13 and 14 of the reversing gear. In FIG. 1, thereversing gear 10 occupies its idle position in which neither itscoupling gear 13 nor its coupling gear 14 is in meshing engagement witha coupling gear 1.1 1 associated with the control member 1. Thiscoupling gear 1.11 is mounted together with the remaining curve disks1.2 to 1.6 of the control member 1 on a fixed shaft 1.01, coupling gear1.11 being fixedly connected with a curve disk 1.1

,which effects the control of the disphragm of the camera. All sixcurves 1.1 to 1.6 of the control member may be arranged in close contactwith each other and combined into a packet. In FIG. 1 they have beenshown as being further apart for reasons of clarity of illustration, theshaft 1.01 forming their common axis having been indicated by a dot-dashline.

' The reversing gear 10,13 and 14 is held in its idle position by anarresting lever 15 the nose portion 15.1 of which rests against anabutment 10.1 of plate 10 to thereby prevent the same from rotating inclockwise direction. Similarly, the reversing gear is prevented fromrotating in counter-clockwise direction by a kneelever linkage 16between the plate 10 and the shaft 2.1 of the drive gear 2 of thefade-over device.

The driving lever 16.1 of the knee-lever linkage 16 is frictionally heldon the shaft 2.1 of gear 2. Consequently, it tends to tilt incounter-clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow 2A, during forwardmovement of the camera drive. Due to this movement, the driven lever16.2 is pulled down by shaft 16.3 and the plate 10, physically mountedthereon by means of shaft 1 16.4, is'tilted about the shaft 9 inclockwise direction as indicated by arrow 9A. This movement continuesuntil tion 15.1. The reversing gear 10, 13,14 is, therefore, during thenormal film making process held in an idle position as long as thefade-over device is not in operation.

For purposes of fading-over two film scenes first the release of thecamera is actuated whereby the electromotor 5 of the camera is driven inforward direction. Accordingto FIG. 2, the current flows from the pluspole of the current source 17, via a switch S2 in switch position I, aclosed switch S4, the closed release switch S1, the contact 55.1 of thepole reversing switch S5 in position], the winding of drive motor 5 andthe contact 85.2 of the pole reversing switch S5 in position I, to theminus pole of current source 7.

means of a gear 2 which is journalled on a fixed shaft The drive motor 5starts running and drives, via the reduction gear 4 following the shaft5.1 the drive worm 3 which, by means of a reduction gear 18,19 arrangedin series therewith, on one hand drives a gripper feed mechanism androtary shutter of the camera (not shown) and on the other hand is indriving connection with a gear 20 which, through the intervention of afriction means (not shown) drives a follower 21 which can be coupled toa hub of a film winding spool (not shown).

It is assumed that the film winding spool, as part of a film cassette,is journalled within the later and locked against reverse movement. Thisrequires for winding of the film section provided for the fade-overprocess an arresting of the follower 21 during this fade-over process.For this purpose, between the follower 21 and the above-mentionedfriction means preceeding the same, an arresting wheel 22 is providedwhich is fixedly connected with the follower 21 and cooperates with aspring-loaded arresting arm 23.1 during the fade-out phase and alsoduring the re-winding phase. The arresting arm 23.1 is part of a doublearm lever 23 which is rotatable about a fixed shaft 23.6, the arm 23.2of the lever 23 testing by means of a feeler head 23.3 against theperiphery of a radially effective control curve 1.4 of the controlmember 1, and the arm 23.1 of which is adaptedto engage the tooth of thearresting gear 22 by means of an arresting tooth 23.4.

As long as the release S1 is depressed, the film is transported forinstance with a frequency of 18 pictures the abutment 10.1 rests againstthe arresting nose poractuating the release. This key 25 is stepped onthe actuating side. It is, within the range of thestep 25.1, overlappedby a collar 24.2 formed from the housing while key 25 rests with itsstep 25.1 against the collar under the influence of a compression spring26 which on one hand rests against the backside of key 25 and on theother hand rests against the backside of the recess 24.2. A pin 25.2 isprovided at the key 25, which pin abuts against a two-arm angle lever 27journalled at 27.1. Lever 27 is under the influence of a tension spring28 which tends to rotate the lever in clockwise direction so that thelever continuously rests against the pin 25.1 of the fade-over key 25.

If with running camera drive the fade-over key 25 is arresting latch 29which is pivoted at 27.2, against the pressure of a leaf spring 30 whichcomprises an abutment 30.1 designed as abolt and against the end face ofwhich arresting latch 29 comes torest. It simultaneously forms theresilient contact of a switch S3 in the drive circuit of the camera and,in the lifted posiu'on of the angle lever 27 and thereby the arrestinglatch 29 comes into contact with the counter-contact 30.2 of the switch,sothat S3 is closed.

The arresting latch 29 grips below a pin 15.2 of the arresting lever 15with its arresting nose portion 29.1 and rotates the same against thetension of a spring 31 actingupon it in the release position so that thenose portion 15.1 releases the plate of the reversing gear. Plate 10, inview of the momentum acting thereupon in coupling direction, from theproceeding transmission 2,6,7,8, rotates about the shaft 9 in clockwisedirection while the gear 13 of the reversing gear comes in meshingengagement with the gear 1.11 of the control member 1. The depth ofthese two gears is limited by an abutment (not shown). The engagement ofthetwo gears 13 and 1.11 is maintained in view of the momentum acting incoupling direction of the plate 10. The reversing gear consequently hascoupled the camera drive with the fade-over device.

In view of this coupling, control member 1 and thereby also itsdiaphragm control curve 1.1 starts rotating in clockwise direction. Thecurve 1.1 comprises three curve areas which respectively extend over anarc of 120. The curved area 1.12 closes the diaphragm in a continuousmanner, the curved area 1.13 keeps the diaphragm in closed conditionduring the reverse transport of film section predetermined for thefade-over phase, and the curved area 1.14 takes care of the continuousopening of the diaphragm.

The adjustment of the diaphragm which exposes the film section providedfor the fade-over phase first with a continuously faded-out film sceneand upon rewinding of the film with a continuously faded-in film scene,is effected by means of an adjustment slide 32. Slide 32 is pressedagainst the periphery of a diaphragm control curve 1.1 by means of atension spring 33 which is guided in the housing at 34. The diaphragmcontrol slide 32 actuates, through the intervention of transmissionmembers (not shown), the adjusting member of an adjustable rotatableshutter, of a wiper diaphragm, or of a variable resistance in theexposure circuit of the camera, in the sense of a continuous fading-outof the bundle of rays during displacement of the slide in the directionof arrow 32A and in the sense of a continuous fading-in of the bundle ofrays during displacement of the slide 32 in the direction of the arrow32B.

The adjusting slide 32 has connected to its associated extension 32.1 acolored covering flag 32.2 which is visible in the view finder field ofvision 35 and preferably translucent. The flag is visible adjacent theview finder image field 37 by means of a conical mark 36 which tapers inupward direction and which is transparent or translucent. When liftingthe slides in the direction of arrow 32A, the transparent cone 36 iscontinuously decreased in size in view of the covering flag 32.2 movingin the same direction, until it is completely covered. I

The user of the camera can, when taking pictures, read in the viewerfield of vision 35 when looking at the mark 36 cooperating with the flag32.2, whether the diaphragm actuated by the slide 32 is just closing oropening, i.e. whether or not the diaphragm is in closed or in openedposition.

A control finger 32.3 at slide 32 serves for opening switch S4 which islocatedin the drive circuit of the camera and in closed rest position,as soon as the slide 32 reaches its end position in which it closes thediaphragm.

Immediately upon the control member 1 starting to move, the change-overswitch S2 is placed into its control position II by means of the controlcurve 1.2 rotating in clockwise direction and by means of the control 6push rod 38 being lifted thereby out of its control notch 1.21. In thisway, the release key S1 is being bridged.- Thus, the drive motor is alsoclosed upon freeing of the release key of the camera to thereby preventan electric interruption of the first two fade-over phases by the userof the camera, namely the phase fading-out and the phase return movementof the film section provided for the fading-over.

Moreover, immediately upon the start of the movement of control member 1the arresting lever 15 is prevented from rotating back into itsarresting position by means of the control curve 1.3 rotating in thesame direction. This is efiected by the circumference of the controlcurve 1.3 against which rests a feeler head 15.3 at the arm 15.4 of thearresting lever 15 rotating about a fixed shaft 15.5, during the entirefading-over phase. This feeler head 15.3 has been tilted out of thenotch 1.31 of the control curve 1.3 which determines the startingposition of the lever 15 by depressing key 25. In this way, thefunctionally correct course of the first two fading-over phasesfading-out and film return transport is assured, even with prematurerelease of the fading-over key 25.

At least during the course of first fading-over phase, namely during theforward transport of the film section to be faded-over it is necessary,when using a film cassette with a winding spool locked against a reversemovement, to stop the spool hub so that the forwardly transported filmsection can be pushed back after the fading-out of the. first film sceneonto the supply spool of the film cassette. The stopping of the windingspool is effected by arresting the follower 21 which can be coupled tothe hub of the winding spool. For this purpose, the control curve 1.4 ofthe control member 1 is provided. The control curve 1.4 is rotatable inclockwise direction with the control member 1, and immediately uponstart rotates the arresting lever 23 in clockwise direction by means ofits rising control surface 1.41, the arresting tooth 23.4 of thearresting lever 23 engaging the teeth of the arresting gear 22 so thatthe follower 21 driving the film winding spool of the cassette isprevented from rotating inspite of the running camera drive. Themomentum of the gear 20 in the gear train between the drive motor 5 andthe follower 21 is being absorbed by friction means (not shown) betweenthe follower 21 and the gear 20 driving the same.

The control curve 1.4 is dimensioned in such a manner that the feelerhead 23.3 of arresting lever 23 comes into contact with thecircumference of the control curve during a rotation of 240, so that thearresting tooth 23.4, during the fading-out phase and during the filmreturn transport, prevents the follower 21 and thereby the winding spoolof the cassette from rotating in the film transporting directionforward. Consequently, the film strip driven by the film advancing gear(not shown) is being transported into the free cassette space or intothe free space of the film camera during the fading-out phase in whichit is not being spooled. The length of the film section to be faded-overis such that it is threaded into the free space surrounding the windingspool of the film chamber or of the film cassette without being damaged.

Upon a rotation of of the control member 1, the curved area 1.12 of thecontrol curve 1.1 has complete- 1y closed the diaphragm by means of acontrol slide 32. The control finger 32.3 of slide 32 has opened theswitch S4 which is arranged 'in series with the release key 81. Duringthe further rotation of the control member 1 which follows withoutinterruption, the curved area 1.13 of the curve 1.1 becomes effectivewhich, during the reversed transport of the film section provided forthe fading-over, keeps the diaphragm in closed condition and the switchS4 in open position.

Simultaneous, however, in this position of the control member 1, thepolereversing switch S5 is moved into the control position 11 by thecontrol curve 1.5, and more specifically, by means of the control pushrod 39 of the switch S5, the rod being lifted by the rising curvedportion 1.51.

According to FIG. 2, the current passes from the plus pole of thecurrent source 17, via the switch S2 in control position II, the contact851 of the pole switch S5 in control position 11, the winding of thedrive motor 5, the contact 85.2 of the switch S5 in control position H,to the minus pole of the current source 17.

The pole of the winding of drive motor 5 has, therefore, been changedwith respect to the source 17 so that the motor shaft 5.1 rotates inopposite direction. In this way, also the transmission 4,3,2,6,7 and 8following the shaft 5. l, rotates in opposite direction.

The gear train 18, 19, 20 following in series the worm 3, likewiserotates in reverse direction so that the drive mechanism of the camerareturns the filmsection to be faded-over out of the range of the windingspool into the supply spool of the cassette. The follower 21 does notparticipate in the movement in view of the still effective arrestingmeans 1.4,23,22 during the return film transport.

Furthermore, with the change in the direction of rotation of the geartrain 2,6,7,8 of the fade-over device, also the direction of rotation ofthemomentum acting on plate 10 of the reversing gear 10,12,13 isreversed. Consequently, the plate 10 and the shaft 9 rotates incounter-clockwise direction (arrow 9B) so that the engagement ofcoupling 13 with the drive 1.11 of the control member 1 is madeineffective. Instead, the coupling gear 14 which is in constant meshingengagement with the coupling gear 13, comes into engagement with a drivegear 1.11 of the control member 1 so that the direction of rotation ofthe control member 1 which it had before the poles of the electromotor 5were reversed, is being maintained.

In view of the reversal of the direction of rotation of the pair ofgears, 2,6 (arrow 28) the knee-lever linkage 16 is transferred to itsstraight or stretched-out position in clockwise direction in view of thepositive movement of its drive lever portion 16. This position isdetermined by the engagement of an abutment 16.5 associated with itsdriven lever portion 16.2 against the longitudinal edge of the drivelever portion 16.1. The movement of the knee lever 16 into this straightor stretched-out position accelerates the control movement of thereversing gear 10,13,14 since, in view of the reduction of the gears6,7, the lever portion 16.1 readies its stretched position before themomentum transmitted by the gear 8 onto the plate 10 disengages thecoupling gear 13 of the reversing gear from the drive gear 1.11 of thecontrol member 1.

The knee lever linkage 16, in stretched position, brings about thelocking of the engagement of the coupling gear 14 of the reversing gearwith the drive gear 1.11 of the control member 1. In view of thislocking of the coupling position of the reversing gear which prevents areversal of the direction of rotation of the control member 1, amomentum resulting from the rotation of the coupling gear 14 located tothe right of the axis of rotation 9 of the plate 10 is excluded whichcould otherwise bring about the release of the engagement of the twocoupling gears 14 and 1.1 1.

Already, prior to the completion of the return transport of the filmsection to be faded over, the rising portion 1.61 of a further controlcurve 1.6 of the control member 1, rotates a double-arm lever 40journalled at 40.1 against the force of a tension spring 41 actingthereon. A lever arm 40.2 of lever 40 during this movement, presses thearresting latch 29, which still occupies its releasing position in viewof the depressed fading over key 25, from the abutment 30.1 of theleafspring 30 laterally towards the left. This results in the release ofthe leaf-spring 30 which simultaneously forms the resilient switchcontact of switch S3 so that it is lifted from the contact 30.2 ofswitch S3 and may tilt into its rest position (downwardly) in view ofits own resiliency. In this rest position, switch S3 is open and thetimely opening of switch S3 has been accomplished independently ofwhether or not the fade-over key 25 is still depressed or alreadyreleased. 1

The control curve 1.6 continues to rotate, until the completion of thereverse transport of the film section to be faded-over, by a smallamount in clockwise direction, and more specifically by an amount suchthat the feeler head 40.3 of leer 40 drops. behind the rising curveportion 1.61. The lever-40 consequently rotates in clockwise directioninto the rest position shown in the drawing, under the influence oftension spring 41 while the latch 29 following this control movementunder spring load is rotated about the joint 27.2 in clockwise directionuntil it comes to rest, with still depressed fade-over key 25, adjacent'the abutment 30.1 at the bottom side of the release spring 30 or, withreleased key 25, below the abutment 30.1. The leafspring 30 remains inits rest position in which the switch S3 is open. I

The thus opened switch S3 assures, in accordance with the followingdescription describing the circuit, in connection with the opened switchS4, which has been opened by means of the diaphragm control curve 1.1 ofthe slide 32, the automatic stopping of the drive motor 5 aftercompletion of the re-winding phase.

All these automatically effected movements of the latch 29 do not haveany influence on the plate 10 of the reversing gear 10, 13,14 since thearresting lever 15 holding it in the idle position is held in thereleasing position during the entire faded-over phase by and morespecifically in such a manner that the motor shaft new again rotates ina direction bringing about a forward transport of the film strip;

- The flow of the current is: from the plus pole of the current source17, via of the changeover switch S2 in control position 11, the contact85.1 of the pole reversing switch S5 in control position I, the windingof the drive motor 5, contact 85.2 of the pole reversing switch S5 incontrol position I, to the minus pole of the current source 17.

In view of the reversal of the direction of rotation of the motor shaft5.1, the pair. of gears 2,6 again rotates in counter-clockwise direction(arrow 2A) so that the knee lever linkage 16 is transferred again totheposition shown in the drawing, in which the portions 16.1 and 16.2 ofthe linkage are arranged at an angle with respect to each other. Due tothis, and in view of the rotation of the gear 8 driving the reversinggear in the direction of the arrow 9A, the plate 10 receives again amomentum in clockwise direction so that the coupling gear 13 of thereversing gear comes into engagement with the drive gear 1.11 of thecontrol member 1, instead of the coupling gear 14. Consequently,the-control member 1 also after the second reversal of the direction ofrotation of the motor shaft 5.1 rotates further in the directionimparted upon it at the I the arresting gear 22 by the tension spring23.5. In this way, locking of the follower 21 is made ineffective sothat the latter places the rewinding spool of the film cassette inmotion for rewinding of the now forwardly moving film strip, at thebeginning of the third fadeover phase in which the film section providedfor the fade-over phase and exposed with the continuously faded-out filmscene, is exposed again with the next film scene continuously to befaded-in.

Immediately after the pole reversal of the winding of the drive motor 5in the drive circuit of the camera by means of pole reversing switch S5,the control push rod 38 of the change-over switch S2 falls into a notch1.22 of the control curve 1.2 after rotation of the control member 1 by240, so that the switch S2 is placed in the control position I. Inthisposition of the switch $2 the motor circuit is opened, even if thereleased key S1 should not'yet have been depressed, because of theswitches S3 and S4 in open position. In this way, the drive on thecamera side is automatically stopped after completion of the returntransport of the film section to be faded-over. r

As previously described, the stopping 0f the camera drive in the properfunctional manner after completion of the first and second faded-overphases, i.e. the forward transport of the film section to be faded-overwith the continuously closing diaphragm and the reverse transport of thefilm section onto the supply spool with closed diaphragm, is effected bymeans of the fadingover device, independently of whether or not therelease key S1 and/or the fading-over key 25 is still depressed.

After the camera drive has stopped automatically, the user of the camerareleases the releasekey S1 and the fade-over key 25, both keys havingbecome ineffective at this point, until shooting of the next film sceneto be faded-over with the preceeding film scene.

In viewvof the release of the fade-over key 25, the angle lever 27 isrotated in clockwise direction by the tension spring 28 so that thearresting latch 29 is pulled downwardly. The arresting latch, which isspringloaded in the direction of arrow 29A, slides along the left-handside of the abutment 30.1 and moves below the abutment 30.1 of the leafspring 30, whereupon it comes to rest with its right-hand longitudinaledge against the pin 15.2 of the arresting lever 15 which is in releaseposition. The leaf spring 30 remains in the rest position shown in thedrawing so that also the feeler switch S3 which is formed by switchcontact 30.2, remains open.

If the camera is used after a long period of time again, the flag 32.2which completely or partially covers the conical mark 37 in the viewfinder field of vision indicate to the user that the last film scene hasbeen completed by a continuous fading-out phase and that the film scenenow to be exposed will begin with a fading-over phase of the last filmscene.

In order to make clear the respective positions of the fade-over deviceexternally of the camera, control member 1 has associated therewithsignalling disk 1.7 rotating with the control member. Disk 1.7 isprovided with two symbols 1.71 and 1.72 characterizing the two controlpositions of the fade-over device, these symbols being visible in awindow 42.1 in the outside wall 42 of the camera housing. The symboldesignated with the reference character 1.71, such as a green field,indicates the starting position of the control member 1 permitting thefilming .with or without a fading-over phase, whereas the symbol 1.72,for instance a red field, would indicate to the camera user that thefilm scene to be taken by him begins by fading-over with the precedingfilm scene.

Turning on the camera drive for shooting a new film scene which is to befaded'over with the preceding scene, is efiected by pressing down therelease key S1 and the fading-over key 25;

With this last mentioned manipulation, in the same manner as with thefirst depression of the fading-over key at the beginning of thefading-over process, the switch S3 arranged in series with the releasekey S1 is closed, by means of the angle lever 27 and the arresting latch29, by lifting leaf spring 30 until it abuts the con trol contact 30.2.Only after closing this switch the motor circuit is closed by the closedrelease key S1 since at the beginning of the fading-in phase the switchS4 which bridges the switch S3 is held in open position by the diaphragmcontrol curve 1.1 and the control slide 32.

Depressing the fade-over key 25 does not have any effect on the releaseof the plate 10 of the reversing gear 10,13,14 at the beginning of thethird fade-over phase since this plate is released by means of thecontrol disk 1.3 acting on the arresting lever 15 during the entirefading-over process for purposes of rotating into its coupling position,which effect the selective engagement of its two coupling gears 13 and14 with the drive wheel 1.11 of the control member 1.

By closing the release key S1 and the control key S3 arranged in seriestherewith, the motor circuit is closed. The flow of current is from theplus pole of the current source 17, via the change-over switch S2 in thecontrol position I, closed switch S3, closed release key S1, the contactS5.1 of the pole-reversing switch S in control position I, the windingof the drive motor 5, contact 85.2 of the switch S5 in control positionI, to the minus pole of the current source 17.

Motor 5 starts running so that the film strip is moved forward and thecontrol member 1 is rotated by 120 degrees until it returns to itsstarting positionshown in FIG. 1. With the start of movement of motorshaft 5.], the control curve 1.2 of the control member 1 lifts the pushrod 38 out of the control notch 1.22 so that the change-over switch S2is put into its control position II. In this way, the release key S1 andthe feeler switch S3 are bridged so that the motor circuit remainsclosed until the end of the fade-over phase irrespective of whether therelease key S1 or the fade-over key is pressed or released. Aninterruption of the fading-in scene by the user of the camera isexcluded by this provision. I

The process of fadingin, as in the process of fadingout, is accomplishedby the adjusting slide 32 which is lowered in a continuous manner intothe position shown in FIG. 1 by following the area 1.14 of the curve 1.1under the influence of spring 33. During the lowering of the slide 32,the flag 32.2 is lowered to the same extent and thereby continuouslyexposes the conical mark 36 from the top. The thus continuously wideningmark 36 symbolizes, for the user of the camera in the view finder fieldof vision, the continuous or steady opening of the diaphragm in the pathor beam of rays.

Immediately following the start of the fading-in phase, the controlfinger 32.3 associated with the slide 32 releases the switch S4 so thatthe latter reaches its closing position to thereby short-circuit theswitch S3.

Shortly prior to completion of the fading-in phase, in the same manneras prior to completion of the return transport phase of the film sectionprovided for the fading-over, the arresting latch 29 is laterally pushedback from the abutment 30.1 of the spring by means of a further,ascending portion 1.62 of the control curve 1.6, through theintervention of the double-arm lever 40. Consequently, the leaf spring30 is freed to return to the position in which it opens the switch S3 aslong as this has not yet been accomplished by the release of thefade-over key 25, which brings about the lowering of the arresting latch29 and thereby the return of the leaf spring 30 to its rest position inwhich it opens switch S3.

Due to this provision, as with the completion of the return movement ofthe film the functionally proper opening of switch S3 is effected,independently of whether the fade-over key 25 has been depressed orreleased- The opening of switch S3, however, remains ineffective in thislast phase of the fade-over process since this switch is short-circuitedby the switch S4 which was closed during the fading-in phase. The switchS4, together with the depressed release key S1, keeps the circuit of thedrive motor 5 after completion of the entire fading-over phase closedfor the further exposure of the faded-infilm scene, until the user ofthe camera releases the key S1.

As previously described in connection with the completion of the returntransport phase of the film section provided for the fading-over phase,the switch S3 remains in its open rest position due to the fact that thearresting latch 29 by following the lever 40 which finally drops behindthe rising curve portion 1.62, rotates in clockwise direction about thejoint 27.2 until it comes to rest, with the fading-over key 25 stilldepressed, next to the abutment 30.1 at the bottom side of the leafspring 30 or, with key 25 released (as shown), below the abutment 30.1,while, however, leaving the leaf spring 30 in its rest position.

As soon as the diaphragm is completely open, the feeler head 15.3 of thearresting lever 15, which rests against the circumference of the controlcurve 1.3, drops into the notch 1.31 which is located opposite thefeeler head 15.3 in the atarting position of the control member 1.: Inthis manner, the arresting lever 15 is tilted again into the positionshown in FIG. 1, by the tension spring 31. In this position, arrestinglever 15 rotates the reversing gear 10,13,14 in counterclockwisedirection into its idle position about the shaft 9, by means of itsarresting nose 15.1 abutting against abutment 10.1 of plate 10.

The return of the arresting lever 15 into its arresting position, withthe fading-over key 25 still depressed, is made possible by theengagement of the arresting latch 29 with the left-hand side of theabutment 30.1 of leaf spring 30. Thus, the arresting nose 29.1 leavesthe range of pin 15.2 of the arresting lever 15 so that the tiltingmovement thereof is no longer prevented by the arresting latch 29.

With the fade-over key 25 released, the arresting lever 15 without beingprevented by the arresting latch 29 already returned to its startingposition, can tilt back to its arresting position. In this instance, thearresting nose 29.1 of the arresting latch 29 becomes effective onlyupon return of the arresting lever 15 to its arresting position shown inthe drawing, as abutment for pin 15.2 of the arresting lever 15.

The return of the arresting lever 15 to its arresting position whichbrings about the transfer of the reversing gear 10,13,14 to its idlingposition, thus becomes effective automatically by the control andarresting keys 1.3,1.6 and 40 independently of whether or not thefading-over key 25 is still depressed.

With the automatic disengagement of the fadingover device from thecamera drive, upon completion of the third fade-over phase, i.e. aftercomplete fading-in of the film scene faded-over with the preceding filmscene, the control notch 1.21 of the control curve 1.2 of control member1 has reached the range of control push rod 38. Consequently, this pushrod 38 by falling into the notch 1.21 moves the changeover switch S2into the control position I. As a consequence, the changeover switch S2has placed the branch containing the release key S1 into the motorcircuit. Due to this change, however, the motor circuit is not beingopened since the switch S4 by lowering of the diaphragm adjusting slidehas reached its closed rest position. The opening of the motor circuitis effected upon completion of the fading-over phase merely by releaseof the release key S1, i.e. after continuing the film scene begun by thefading-in phase, at the discretion of the user of the camera. 1

motor circuit is effected without noticeable interruption of thetransport of the film, which opening is effected by changing the switchS2 from the control position II to position I, the changeover switch S2is designed as a spring switch and, in addition, is under springpre-tension on one side, namely in the direction toward the controlcurve 1.2 in order to assure the continuous uninterrupted abutment ofthe control push rod 38 at the circumference of the control curve 1.2.

In the starting position of the control member 1, the symbol 1.71consisting for instance of a green surface, is visible in the window42.1 on the camera so that the user of the camera is put on notice thathe can 1 complete the following film scene either normally or, upondepressing the fade-over key 25, by a continuously fading-out scene.

The same message is given to him when looking through the view finder bythe conical mark 36 freed by the covering flag 32.2, which indicates tohim that the diaphragm of the camera effecting the fading-over phase ispresently in the open position and consequently the fading-over devicedisengaged from the camera drive so that it is left up to him to eitherexpose the next film scene normally or by fading-over into the followingfilm scene by additionally depressing the fade-over key 25.

The follower 21 for the rewinding spool of the film cassette remainsdisengaged from the camera drive even after disengagement of thefade-over device from the motor, in view of the abutment of thearresting lever 23 at the circumference of the circular arc recess 1.42of the control curve 1.4, so that also during filming of the scenefollowing the fading-in phase, the winding spool of the camera is takenalong by the follower 21 for winding the forwardly transported filmstrip.

It is within the scope of the present invention to arrange theautomatically operating fading-over device also in movie cameras thewinding spool of which is not locked against return movement. Also, thefading-over device according to this invention can be combined with amovie camera which is adapted to receive film cassettes the windingspools of which are not locked againse reverse rotation.

In such instances, the fading-over device is in a very simple manneradapted to the respective camera by omitting the arresting lever 23.Consequently, the control curve 1.4 becomes inefi'ective so that thefollower 21 can rotate the film winding spool in the respective cameraor respective film cassette in opposite direction for the returntransport of the film section exposed with the faded-out film scene.This film section which is transported back by the gripper feedingmechanism of the camera, can unwind from the film coil on the windingspool and wind upon the supply coil in the camera or the film cassetteupon passing the film passage.

It should also be kept in mind that it is within the scope of thepresent invention to adapt the automatically operating fading-overdevice to a camera which is not equipped with a winding spool lockedagainst return movement, simply by omitting the control disk 1.4 of thearresting wheel 22 and arresting lever 23.

From the above, it is apparent that although the invention has beendescribed hereinbefore with respect to certain specific embodimentthereof, it is evident 14 that many modifications and changes may bemade without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, bythe appended claims, we intend to cover all such modifications andchanges as fall within the.

true spirit and scope of this invention.

We claim:

1. A motion picture camera having diaphragm means, a unidirectionalwinding spool, a fade-over device operable for fading-out apredetermined film section and for subsequently fading-over the samefilm section and camera driving means, including a reversible electricmotor,

comprising in combination,

control means, including a set of controlling cam and cam followermeans, said cam means being arranged for simultaneous rotation,

transmission reversing means disconnectably disposed between said cameradriving means and said control means in such a manner as to rotate saidcam means during operation in the same direction irrespective of thedirection of rotation of said electric motor,

said set of cam and cam follower means being arranged for automaticallyswitching and controlling during one revolution of said cams thefollowing Sequence of phases of the entire fade-over process:

I. exposing said film section while continuously closing said diaphragmmeans,

2. rewinding said film section while said diaphragm means is closed andstopping said camera driving means, and

3. re-exposing said film section while continuously opening saiddiaphragm means, wherein said transmission reversing means comprisesfirst and second reversing gears forming a coupling means between saidelectric motor means and said control means, and first arresting meansfor keeping said coupling means in idling position when said device forfading-over two film scenes is inefiective, and second arresting meansassociated with said first and second reversing gears for maintainingthe selected gear of said reversing gears in meshing engagement withsaid control means in both directions of rotation.

2. A motion picture camera according to claim 1, wherein saidtransmission reversing means comprises a the driving input gear, a platerotatable about the axis of rotation of said input gear, said firstreversing gear in meshing engagement with said input gear, and saidsecond reversing gear meshing with said first reversing gear, andbearing means for said first and second reversing gears mounted on saidplate.

3. A motion picture camera according to claim 1, wherein said firstarresting means comprises an arresting lever, said control meanscomprising a first control disk adapted to keep said arresting lever inarresting position, and fade-over key means associated with saidfade-over device and said arresting lever and adapted to rotate saidarresting lever into releasing position upon depression of said keymeans, said arresting lever being kept in said releasing position duringthe entire fade-over phase by said control means, said releasingposition permitting the selective engagement of said first and secondcoupling gear means respectively with a gear of said reversing gearmeans driving said control means.

4. A motion picture camera according, to claim 3, wherein said controlmeans comprises a first control curve means, change-over switch meansassociated with said first control curve means, electric. motor circuitmeans connected to said electric motor means and including a release keyand a branch bridging said release key, said change-over switch meansbeing.

operable upon said control means starting to rotate from its startingposition to keep said motor circuit means closed via said branch, untilcompletion of said rewinding of said film section, and also uponactuation of said release key and said fade-over key means during saidre exposing of said film section.

5. A motion picture camera according to claim 4,

which comprises feeler switch means arranged in series with said releasekey and operable to close said electric motor circuit means at the startof said first and second fade-over phase respectively, upon depressionof said release key and said fade-over key means, said control meanscomprising a second control curve means for opening said motor circuitmeans prior to completion of said second and third fade-over phaserespectively, independently ofthe actuation of said fade-over key means.v v

6. A motion picture camera according to claim 5, which comprises furtherswitch means arranged in series with said release key; said controlmeans comprising third control curve means for controlling saiddiaphragm means and operable to open said further switch meansimmediately prior to closing of said diaphragm means, and also operableto open said electric motor circuit means upon completion of said secondfade-over phase irrespective of the actuation of said release key.

7. A motion picture camera according to claim 6,

wherein said control means comprises a fourth control curve means, andpole reversing switch means arranged in said motor circuit means andoperably connected to said fourth control curve means so as to beactuated by the same to reverse the poles of said electric motor meanswith respect to the current source of said motor circuit means, uponcompletion of said first fade-over phase, and to reverse the poles againupon completion of the second fade-over phase, immediately prior tostopping of said motor means.

8. A motion picture camera according to claim 7, which includes meansfor actuating said fade-over device upon depression of said release key,said control means being coupled to said reversing gear means in theposition in which said shaft rotates in said first direction, saidfeeler switch means being closed for maintaining said motor circuitmeans even after opening of said release key. i

.9. A motion picture camera according to claim 8, in which said controlmeans comprises a fifth control curve means operably connected tosaidfirst arresting section and for subsequently fading-over the same filmsection and camera driving means, including a reversible electric motor,

comprising in combination, control means, including a set of controllingcam and cam follower means, said cam means being arranged forsimultaneous rotation, transmission reversing means disconnectablydisposed between said camera driving means and said control means insuch a manner as to rotate said cam means during operation in the samedirection irrespective of the direction of rotation of said electricmotor,

said set of cam and cam follower means being arranged for automaticallyswitching and controlling during one revolution of said earns thefollowing sequence of phases of the entire fade-over process:

1. exposing said film section while continuously closing said diaphragmmeans,

2. rewinding said film section while said diaphragm means is closed andstopping said camera driving means, and

3. re-exposing said film section while continuously opening saiddiaphragm means, wherein said transmission reversing means includesadjustable reversing gears coupled between said control means and saidcamera driving means, and means operable for disengaging said reversinggears from said control means when said fadeover device is in aninoperative condition, wherein said reversing gear means forms acoupling means between said electric motor means and said control means,and first arresting means for keeping said coupling means in idlingposition when said device for fading-over two film scenes isineffective, which comprises second arresting means associated with saidreversing gear means for maintaining the appropriate gear of saidreversible gear means in meshing engagement with said control means inboth directions of rotation, wherein said reversing gear means comprisesa first gear forming the driving input gear, a plate rotatable about theaxis of rotation of said first gear, first coupling gear means inmeshing engagement with said first gear, and second coupling gear meansmeshing with said first coupling gear means, and bearing means for saidfirst and second coupling gear means mounted on said plate, wherein saidsecond arresting means comprisesknee-lever linkage means having adriving lever portion and a driven lever portion pivotally connected toeach other, and a shaft supporting said driving lever portion forrotation therewith;

reduction gear means including said first gear drivingly connectedbetween said motor drive means and said reversing gear means forrotating said reversing gear means against the action of said firstarresting means during rotation of said shaft in a first directioncorresponding to the forward movement of a film in said camera, and alsofor moving and holding said reversing gear means in a coupling positionin which said first coupling gear means meshes with said control meansdriving gear, upon movement of said first arresting means into thereversing gear means releasing position aided by the torque exerted onsaid reversing gear means by said first gear and said first couplinggear means; said shaft when rotating in a direction opposite to saidfirst direction moving said driving lever portion into alignment withsaid driven lever portion in which portion said knee-lever linkage lockssaid reversing gear means in a coupling position in which said secondcoupling gear means is in meshing engagement with said control meansdriving gear against the action of the torque exerted on said reversinggear means by said first gear and said first and second coupling gearmeans. 11. A motion picture camera according to claim 10, wherein saidcontrol means comprises a first control curve means, change-over switchmeans associated with said first control curve means, electric motorcircuit means connected to said electric motor means and including arelease key and a branch bridging said release key, said change-overswitch means being operable upon said control means starting to rotatefrom its starting position to keep said motor circuit means closed viasaid branch, until completion of said rewinding of said film section,and also upon actuation of said release key and said fade-over key meansduring said re-exposing of said film section.

12. A motion picture camera according to claim 11, which comprisesfeeler switch means arranged in series with said release key andoperable to close said electric motor circuit means at the start of saidfirst and second fade-over phase respectively, upon depression of saidrelease key and said fade-over key means, said control means comprisinga second control curve means for opening said motor circuit means priorto completion of said second and third fade-over phase respectively,independently of the actuation of said fade-over key means.

13. A motion picture camera having diaphragm means, a unidirectionalwinding spool, a fade-over device operable for fading-out apredetermined film section and for subsequently fading-over the samefilm section and camera driving means, including a reversible electricmotor,

comprising in combination,

control means, including a set of controlling cam and cam followermeans, said cam means being arranged for simultaneous rotation,

transmission reversing means disconnectably disposed between said cameradriving means and said control means in such a manner as to rotate saidcam means during operation in the same direction irrespective of thedirecn'on of rotation of said electric motor,

said set of cam and cam follower means being arranged-for automaticallyswitching and controlling during one revolution of said cams thefollowing sequence of phases of the entire fade-over process:

1. exposing said film section while continuously closing said diaphragmmeans,

2. rewinding said film section while said diaphragm means is closed andstopping said camera driving means, and

3. re-exposing said film section while continuously opening saiddiaphragm means, wherein said transmission reversing means includesadjustable first and second reversing gears for coupling said controlmeans and said camera driving means, and means operable for disengagingsaid reversing gears from said control means when said fade-over deviceis in an inoperative condition, and first arresting means for keepingsaid reversing gears in idling position when said device for fading-overtwo film scenes is ineffective, wherein said first arresting meanscomprises an arresting lever, said control means comprising a firstcontrol disk adapted to keep said arresting lever in arresting position,and fade-over key means associated with said fadeover device and saidarresting lever and adapted to rotate said arresting lever intoreleasing position upon depression of said key means, said arrestinglever being kept in said releasing position during the entire fade-overphase by said control means, said releasing position permitting theselective engagement of said first and second reversing gear meansrespectively with a gear of said control means driving said controlmeans, wherein said control means comprises a first control curve means,change-over switch means associated with said first control curve means,electric motor circuit means connected to said electric motor means andincluding a release key and a branch bridging said release key, saidchange-over switch means being operable upon said control means startingto rotate from its starting position to keep said motor circuit meansclosed via said branch, until completion of said rewinding of said filmsection, and also upon actuation of said release key and said fadeoverkey means during said re-exposing of said film section, which comprisesfeeler switch means arranged in series with said release key andoperable to close said electric motor circuit means at the start of saidfirst and second fadeover phase respectively, upon depression of saidrelease key and said fade-over key means, said control means comprisinga second control curve means for opening said motor circuit means priorto completion of said second and third fade-over phase respectively,independently of the actuation of said fade-over key means, whichcomprises further switch means arranged in series with said release key,said control means comprising third control curve means for controllingsaid diaphragm means and operable to open said further switch meansimmediately prior to closing of said diaphragm means, and also operableto open said electric motor circuit means upon completion of said secondfade-over phase irrespective of the actuation of said release key, whichincludes slide means operably connected to said third control curvemeans, cover flag means connected to said slide means, a view finderprovided in said camera adjacent said flag means, and conical indicating means visibly arranged in said view finder, said flag meansbeing adapted to cover 14. A motion picture camera according to claim13, which includes a window, said control means comprising a sixthcontrol curve means having two different indicating marks selectivelyvisible in said window, one of said marks indicating the startingposition of said control means with said reversing gear means in idlingposition, and the other mark indicating the position of said controlmeans before said third fade-over phase.

15. A motion picture camera having diaphragm means, a unidirectionalwinding spool, a fade-over device operable for fading-out apredetermined film section and for subsequently fading-over the samefilm section and camera driving means, including a reversible electricmotor,

comprising in combination,

control means, including a set of controlling cam and cam followermeans, said cam means being arranged for simultaneous rotation,

transmission disposed between said camera driving means and said controlmeans in such a manner as to rotate said cam means during operation inthe same direction irrespective of the direction of rotation I of saidelectric motor, said set of cam and cam follower means being arrangedfor automatically switching and controlling .during one revolution ofsaid cams the following sequence of phases of the entire fade-overprocess:

reversing means disconnectably l. exposing said film section whilecontinuously closing said diaphragm means,

2. rewinding said film section while said diaphragm said fade-overdevice is in an inoperative condition, and first arresting means forkeeping said reversing gears in idling position when said device forfading-over two film scenes is ineffective, wherein said first arrestingmeans comprises an arresting lever, said control means comprising afirst control disk adapted to keep said arresting lever in arrestingposition, and fade-over key means associated with said fadeover deviceand said arresting lever and adapted to rotate said arresting lever intoreleasing position upon depression of said key means, said arrestinglever being kept in said releasing position during the entire fade-overphase by said control means, said releasing position permitting theselective engagement of said first and second reversing gear meansrespectively with a gear of said control means driving said controlmeans, wherein said control means comprises a first control curve means,change-over switch means associated with said first control curve means,electric motor circuit means connected to said electric motor means andincluding a release key and a branch bridging said release key, saidchange-over switch means being operable upon said control means startingto rotate from its starting position to keep said motor circuit meansclosed via said branch, until completion of said, rewinding of said filmsection, and also upon actuation of said release key and said fadeoverkey means during said re-exposing of said film section, which comprisesfeeler switch means arranged in series with said release key andoperable to close said electric motor circuit means at the start of saidfirst and second fadeover phase respectively, upon depression of saidrelease key and said fade-over key means, said control means comprisinga second control curve means for opening said motor circuit means priorto completion of said second and third fade-over phase respectively,independently of the actuation of said fade-over key means, whichcomprises further switch means arranged in series with said release key,said control means comprising third control curve means for controllingsaid diaphragm means and operable to open said further switch meansimmediately prior to closing of said diaphragm means, and also operableto open said electric motor circuit means upon completion of said secondfade-over phase irrespective of the actuation of said release key,wherein said control means comprises a fourth control curve means, andpole reversing switch means arranged in said motor circuit means andoperably connected to said fourth control curve means so as to beactuated by the same to reverse the poles of said electric motor meanswith respect to the current source of said motor circuit means, uponcompletion of said first fade-over phase, and to reverse the-poles againupon completion of the second fade-over phase, immediately prior tostopping of said motor means, which includes means for actuating saidfade-over device upon depression of said release key, said control meansbeing coupled to said reversing gear means in the position in which saidshaft rotates in said first direction, said feeler switch means beingclosed for maintaining said motor circuit means even after opening ofsaid release key, in which said control means comprises a fifth controlcurve means operably connected to said first arresting means for makingthe engagement of said reversing gear means with said control meansdriving gear ineffective upon completion of said fade-over phases, saidmotor circuit means being kept closed by said further switch means whenclosing upon return of said third control curve means into its startingposition, until release of said release key, which includes slide meansoperably connected to said third control curve means, cover flag meansconnected to said slide means, a view finder provided in said cameraadjacent said flag means,

and conical indicating means visibly arranged in said view finder, saidflag means being adapted to cover said indicating means in a continuousmanner during said first fade-over phase, to cover said indicating meanscompletely during said second fade-over phase, and to free saidindicating means in a continuous manner during the third fade-overphase.

16. A motion picture camera according to claim 15, wherein said coverflag means comprises a transparent filter.

17. A motion picture camera according to claim 16, which includes awindow, said control means comprising a sixth control curve means havingtwo different indicating marks selectively visible in said window, oneof said marks indicating the starting position of said control meanswith said reversing gear means in idling position, and the other markindicating the position of said control means before said thirdfade-over phase.

18. A motion picture camera according to claim 17, wherein said controlmeans comprises seventh control curve means, arresting lever meanspivotally mounted in said camera and engaging said seventh control curvemeans, arresting gear means, and follower means associated with saidwinding spool and said arresting gear means, said seventh control curvemeans permitting said arresting lever means to lock said arresting gearmeans and said follower means against rotation during said first andsecond fade-over phases.

19. A motion picture camera according to claim 17 wherein the filmsection to be faded over is contained in a fihn cassette and saidwinding spool is associated with said film cassette, wherein saidcontrol means comprises seventh control curve means, arresting levermeans pivotally mounted in said camera and engaging said seventh controlcurve means, arresting gear means, and follower means associated withsaid winding spool and said arresting gear means, said seventh controlcurve means permitting said arresting lever means to lock said arrestinggear means and said follower means against rotation during said firstand second fade-over phases.

1. A motion picture camera having diaphragm means, a unidirectionalwinding spool, a fade-over device operable for fading-out apredetermined film section and for subsequently fading-over the samefilm section and camera driving means, including a reversible electricmotor, comprising in combination, control means, including a set ofcontrolling cam and cam follower means, said cam means being arrangedfor simultaneous rotation, transmission reversing means disconnectablydisposed between said camera driving means and said control means insuch a manner as to rotate said cam means during operation in the samedirection irrespective of the direction of rotation of said electricmotor, said set of cam and cam follower means being arranged forautomatically switching and controlling during one revolution of saidcams the following sequence of phases of the entire fade-overprocess:
 1. exposing said film section while continuously closing saiddiaphragm means,
 2. rewinding said film section while said diaphragmmeans is closed and stopping said camera driving means, and 3.re-exposing said film section while continuously opening said diaphragmmeans, wherein said transmission reversing means comprises first andsecond reversing gears forming a coupling means between said electricmotor means and said control means, and first arresting means forkeeping said coupling means in idling position when said device forfadingover two film scenes is ineffective, and second arresting meansassociated with said first and second reversing gears for maintainingthe selected gear of said reversing gears in meshing engagement withsaid control means in both directions of rotation.
 2. rewinding saidfilm section while said diaphragm means is closed and stopping saidcamera driving means, and
 2. A motion picture camera according to claim1, wherein said transmission reversing means comprises a the drivinginput gear, a plate rotatable about the axis of rotation of said inputgear, said first reversing gear in meshing engagement with said inputgear, and said second reversing gear meshing with said first reversinggear, and bearing means for said first and second reversing gearsmounted on said pLate.
 2. rewinding said film section while saiddiaphragm means is closed and stopping said camera driving means, and 2.rewinding said film section while said diaphragm means is closed andstopping said camera driving means, and
 2. rewinding said film sectionwhile said diaphragm means is closed and stopping said camera drivingmeans, and
 3. re-exposing said film section while continuously openingsaid diaphragm means, wherein said transmission reversing means includesadjustable reversing gears coupled between said control means and saidcamera driving means, and means operable for disengaging said reversinggears from said control means when said fade-over device is in aninoperative condition, wherein said reversing gear means forms acoupling means between said electric motor means and said control means,and first arresting means for keeping said coupling means in idlingposition when said device for fading-over two film scenes isineffective, which comprises second arresting means associated with saidreversing gear means for maintaining the appropriate gear of saidreversible gear means in meshing engagement with said control means inboth directions of rotation, wherein said reversing gear means comprisesa first gear forming the driving input gear, a plate rotatable about theaxis of rotation of said first gear, first coupling gear means inmeshing engagement with said first gear, and second coupling gear meansmeshing with said first coupling gear means, and bearing means for saidfirst and second coupling gear means mounted on said plate, wherein saidsecond arresting means comprises knee-lever linkage means having adriving lever portion and a driven lever portion pivotally connected toeach other, and a shaft supporting said driving lever portion forrotation therewith; reduction gear means including said first geardrivingly connected between said motor drive means and said reversinggear means for rotating said reversing gear means against the action ofsaid first arresting means during rotation of said shaft in a firstdirection corresponding to the forward movement of a film in saidcamera, and also for moving and holding said reversing gear means in acoupling position in which said first coupling gear means meshes withsaid control means driving gear, upon movement of said first arrestingmeans into the reversing gear means releasing position aided by thetorque exerted on said reversing gear means by said first gear and saidfirst coupling gear means; said shaft when rotating in a directionopposite to said first direction moving said driving lever portion intoalignment with said driven lever portion in which portion saidknee-lever linkage locks said reversing gear means in a couplingposition in which said second coupling gear means is in meshingengagement with said control means driving gear against the action ofthe torque exerted on said reversing gear means by said first gear andsaid first and second coupling gear means.
 3. re-exposing said filmsection while continuously opening said diaphragm means, wherein saidtransmission reversing means includes adjustable first and secondreversing gears for coupling said control means and said camera drivingmeans, and means operable for disengaging said reversing gears from saidcontrol means when said fade-over device is in an inoperative condition,and first arresting means for keeping said reversing gears in idlingposition when said device for fading-over two film scenes isineffective, wherein said first arresting means comprises an arrestinglever, said control means comprising a first control disk adapted tokeep said arresting lever in arresting position, and fade-over key meansassociated with said fade-over device and said arresting lever andadapted to rotate said arresting lever into releasing position upondepression of said key means, said arresting lever being kept in saidreleasing position during the entire fade-over phase by said controlmeans, said releasing position permitting the selective engagement ofsaid first and second reversing gear means respectively with a gear ofsaid control means driving said control means, wherein said controlmeans comprises a first control curve means, change-over switch meansassociated with said first control curve means, electric motor circuitmeans connected to said electric motor means and including a release keyand a branch bridging said release key, said change-over switch meansbeing operable upon said control means starting to rotate from itsstarting position to keep said motor circuit means closed via saidbranch, until completion of said rewinding of said film section, andalso upon actuation of said release key and said fade-over key meansduring said re-exposing of said film section, which comprises feelerswitch means arranged in series with said release key and operable toclose said electric motor circuit means at the start of said first andsecond fade-over phase respectively, upon depression of said release keyand said fade-over key means, said control means comprising a secondcontrol curve means for opening said motor circuit means prior tocompletion of said second and third fade-over phase respectively,independently of the actuation of said fade-over key means, whichcomprises further switch means arranged in series with said release key,said control means comprising third control curve means for controllingsaid diaphragm means and operable to open said further switch meansimmediately prior to closing of said diaphragm means, and also operableto open said electric motor circuit means upon completion of said secondfade-over phase irrespective of the actuation of said release key, whichincludes slide means operably connected to said third control curvemeans, cover flag means connected to said slide means, a view finderprovided in said camera adjacent said flag means, and conical indicatingmeans visibly arranged in said view finder, said flag means beingadapted to cover said indicating means in a continuous manner duringsaid first fade-over phase, to cover said indicating means completelyduring said second fade-over phase, and to free said indicating means ina continuous manner during the third fade-over phase.
 3. A motionpicture camera according to claim 1, wherein said first arresting meanscomprises an arresting lever, said control means comprising a firstcontrol disk adapted to keep said arresting lever in arresting position,and fade-over key means associated with said fade-over device and saidarresting lever and adapted to rotate said arresting lever intoreleasing position upon depression of said key means, said arrestinglever being kept in said releasing position during the entire fade-overphase by said control means, said releasing position permitting theselective engagement of said first and second coupling gear meansrespectively with a gear of said reversing gear means driving saidcontrol means.
 3. re-exposing said film section while continuouslyopening said diaphragm means, wherein said transmission reversing meanscomprises first and second reversing gears forming a coupling meansbetween said electric motor means and said control means, and firstarresting means for keeping said coupling means in idling position whensaid device for fading-over two film scenes is ineffective, and secondarresting means associated with said first and second reversing gearsfor maintaining the selected gear of said reversing gears in meshingengagement with said control means in both directions of rotation. 3.re-exposing said film section while continuously opening said diaphragmmeans, wherein said transmission reversing means includes adjustablefirst and second reversing gears for coupling said control means andsaid camera driving means, and means operable for disengaging saidreversing gears from said control means when said fade-over device is inan inoperative condition, and first arresting means for keeping saidreversing gears in idling position when said device for fading-over twofilm scenes is ineffective, wherein said first arresting means comprisesan arresting lever, said control means comprising a first control diskadapted to keep said arresting lever in arresting position, andfade-over key means associated with said fade-over device and saidarresting lever and adapted to rotate said arresting lever intoreleasing position upon depression of said key means, said arrestinglever being kept in said releasing position during the entire fade-overphase by said control means, said releasing position permitting theselective engagement of said first and second reversing gear meansrespectively with a gear of said control means driving said controlmeans, wherein said control means comprises a first control cUrve means,change-over switch means associated with said first control curve means,electric motor circuit means connected to said electric motor means andincluding a release key and a branch bridging said release key, saidchange-over switch means being operable upon said control means startingto rotate from its starting position to keep said motor circuit meansclosed via said branch, until completion of said rewinding of said filmsection, and also upon actuation of said release key and said fade-overkey means during said re-exposing of said film section, which comprisesfeeler switch means arranged in series with said release key andoperable to close said electric motor circuit means at the start of saidfirst and second fade-over phase respectively, upon depression of saidrelease key and said fade-over key means, said control means comprisinga second control curve means for opening said motor circuit means priorto completion of said second and third fade-over phase respectively,independently of the actuation of said fade-over key means, whichcomprises further switch means arranged in series with said release key,said control means comprising third control curve means for controllingsaid diaphragm means and operable to open said further switch meansimmediately prior to closing of said diaphragm means, and also operableto open said electric motor circuit means upon completion of said secondfade-over phase irrespective of the actuation of said release key,wherein said control means comprises a fourth control curve means, andpole reversing switch means arranged in said motor circuit means andoperably connected to said fourth control curve means so as to beactuated by the same to reverse the poles of said electric motor meanswith respect to the current source of said motor circuit means, uponcompletion of said first fade-over phase, and to reverse the poles againupon completion of the second fade-over phase, immediately prior tostopping of said motor means, which includes means for actuating saidfade-over device upon depression of said release key, said control meansbeing coupled to said reversing gear means in the position in which saidshaft rotates in said first direction, said feeler switch means beingclosed for maintaining said motor circuit means even after opening ofsaid release key, in which said control means comprises a fifth controlcurve means operably connected to said first arresting means for makingthe engagement of said reversing gear means with said control meansdriving gear ineffective upon completion of said fade-over phases, saidmotor circuit means being kept closed by said further switch means whenclosing upon return of said third control curve means into its startingposition, until release of said release key, which includes slide meansoperably connected to said third control curve means, cover flag meansconnected to said slide means, a view finder provided in said cameraadjacent said flag means, and conical indicating means visibly arrangedin said view finder, said flag means being adapted to cover saidindicating means in a continuous manner during said first fade-overphase, to cover said indicating means completely during said secondfade-over phase, and to free said indicating means in a continuousmanner during the third fade-over phase.
 4. A motion picture cameraaccording to claim 3, wherein said control means comprises a firstcontrol curve means, change-over switch means associated with said firstcontrol curve means, electric motor circuit means connected to saidelectric motor means and including a release key and a branch bridgingsaid release key, said change-over switch means being operable upon saidcontrol means starting to rotate from its starting position to keep saidmotor circuit means closed via said branch, until completion of saidrewinding of said film section, and also upon actuation of said releasekey and said fade-over key means during said re-exposing of said filmsection.
 5. A motion picture camera according to claim 4, whichcomprises feeler switch means arranged in series with said release keyand operable to close said electric motor circuit means at the start ofsaid first and second fade-over phase respectively, upon depression ofsaid release key and said fade-over key means, said control meanscomprising a second control curve means for opening said motor circuitmeans prior to completion of said second and third fade-over phaserespectively, independently of the actuation of said fade-over keymeans.
 6. A motion picture camera according to claim 5, which comprisesfurther switch means arranged in series with said release key, saidcontrol means comprising third control curve means for controlling saiddiaphragm means and operable to open said further switch meansimmediately prior to closing of said diaphragm means, and also operableto open said electric motor circuit means upon completion of said secondfade-over phase irrespective of the actuation of said release key.
 7. Amotion picture camera according to claim 6, wherein said control meanscomprises a fourth control curve means, and pole reversing switch meansarranged in said motor circuit means and operably connected to saidfourth control curve means so as to be actuated by the same to reversethe poles of said electric motor means with respect to the currentsource of said motor circuit means, upon completion of said firstfade-over phase, and to reverse the poles again upon completion of thesecond fade-over phase, immediately prior to stopping of said motormeans.
 8. A motion picture camera according to claim 7, which includesmeans for actuating said fade-over device upon depression of saidrelease key, said control means being coupled to said reversing gearmeans in the position in which said shaft rotates in said firstdirection, said feeler switch means being closed for maintaining saidmotor circuit means even after opening of said release key.
 9. A motionpicture camera according to claim 8, in which said control meanscomprises a fifth control curve means operably connected to said firstarresting means for making the engagement of said reversing gear meanswith said control means driving gear ineffective upon completion of saidfade-over phases, said motor circuit means being kept closed by saidfurther switch means when closing upon return of said third controlcurve means into its starting position, until release of said releasekey.
 10. A motion picture camera having diaphragm means, aunidirectional winding spool, a fade-over device operable for fading-outa predEtermined film section and for subsequently fading-over the samefilm section and camera driving means, including a reversible electricmotor, comprising in combination, control means, including a set ofcontrolling cam and cam follower means, said cam means being arrangedfor simultaneous rotation, transmission reversing means disconnectablydisposed between said camera driving means and said control means insuch a manner as to rotate said cam means during operation in the samedirection irrespective of the direction of rotation of said electricmotor, said set of cam and cam follower means being arranged forautomatically switching and controlling during one revolution of saidcams the following sequence of phases of the entire fade-over process:11. A motion picture camera according to claim 10, wherein said controlmeans comprises a first control curve means, change-over switch meansassociated with said first control curve means, electric motor circuitmeans connected to said electric motor means and including a release keyand a branch bridging said release key, said change-over switch meansbeing operable upon saiD control means starting to rotate from itsstarting position to keep said motor circuit means closed via saidbranch, until completion of said rewinding of said film section, andalso upon actuation of said release key and said fade-over key meansduring said re-exposing of said film section.
 12. A motion picturecamera according to claim 11, which comprises feeler switch meansarranged in series with said release key and operable to close saidelectric motor circuit means at the start of said first and secondfade-over phase respectively, upon depression of said release key andsaid fade-over key means, said control means comprising a second controlcurve means for opening said motor circuit means prior to completion ofsaid second and third fade-over phase respectively, independently of theactuation of said fade-over key means.
 13. A motion picture camerahaving diaphragm means, a unidirectional winding spool, a fade-overdevice operable for fading-out a predetermined film section and forsubsequently fading-over the same film section and camera driving means,including a reversible electric motor, comprising in combination,control means, including a set of controlling cam and cam followermeans, said cam means being arranged for simultaneous rotation,transmission reversing means disconnectably disposed between said cameradriving means and said control means in such a manner as to rotate saidcam means during operation in the same direction irrespective of thedirection of rotation of said electric motor, said set of cam and camfollower means being arranged for automatically switching andcontrolling during one revolution of said cams the following sequence ofphases of the entire fade-over process:
 14. A motion picture cameraaccording to claim 13, which includes a window, said control meanscomprising a sixth control curve means having two different indicatingmarks selectively visible in said window, one of said marks indicatingthe starting position of said control means with said reversing gearmeans in idling position, and the other mark indicating the position ofsaid control means before said third fade-over phase.
 15. A motionpicture camera having diaphragm means, a unidirectional winding spool, afade-over device operable for fading-out a predetermined film sectionand for subsequently fading-over the same film section and cameradriving means, including a reversible electric motor, comprising incombination, control means, including a set of controlling cam and camfollower means, said cam means being arranged for simultaneous rotation,transmission reversing means disconnectably disposed between said cameradriving means and said control means in such a manner as to rotate saidcam means during operation in the same direction irrespective of thedirection of rotation of said electric motor, said set of cam and camfollower means being arranged for automatically switching andcontrolling during one revolution of said cams the following sequence ofphases of the entire fade-over process:
 16. A motion picture cameraaccording to claim 15, wherein said cover flag means comprises atransparent filter.
 17. A motion picture camera according to claim 16,which includes a window, said control means comprising a sixth controlcurve means having two different indicating marks selectively visible insaid window, one of said marks indicating the starting position of saidcontrol means with said reversing gear means in idling position, and theother mark indicating the position of said control means before saidthird fade-over phase.
 18. A motion picture camera according to claim17, wherein said control means comprises seventh control curve means,arresting lever Means pivotally mounted in said camera and engaging saidseventh control curve means, arresting gear means, and follower meansassociated with said winding spool and said arresting gear means, saidseventh control curve means permitting said arresting lever means tolock said arresting gear means and said follower means against rotationduring said first and second fade-over phases.
 19. A motion picturecamera according to claim 17 wherein the film section to be faded overis contained in a film cassette and said winding spool is associatedwith said film cassette, wherein said control means comprises seventhcontrol curve means, arresting lever means pivotally mounted in saidcamera and engaging said seventh control curve means, arresting gearmeans, and follower means associated with said winding spool and saidarresting gear means, said seventh control curve means permitting saidarresting lever means to lock said arresting gear means and saidfollower means against rotation during said first and second fade-overphases.